Self Assembling Peptide P11-4 for Enamel Remineralization: A Biomimetic Approach

Treatment of caries through conventional modalities involves an invasive approach of excavation of the carious lesion followed by a restoration. This compromises on the strength and integrity of the tooth structure. Minimal invasive dentistry aims at early detection of the carious lesion and their remineralization. Self assembling peptides find its application in the medical field due to its ability to form a scaffold through a process of hierarchical organization into nano structures. Self-assembling peptide P11-4 is a novel technology for enamel remineralization through a biomimetic approach. The technology simulates normal enamel histogenesis. It induces de novo precipitation of hydroxyapatite crystals by forming a three dimensional scaffold matrix. The formation of the scaffold involves the conversion of the peptide from a low viscosity fluid to a nematic gel under low pH conditions. This scaffold matrix further attracts calcium ions and leads to formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. Being minimally invasive, it helps in preserving the strength and integrity of the tooth structure. The aim of the article is to review the technology of self assembling peptides for enamel regeneration and its potential as a material for successful treatment of early carious lesions through a minimally invasive approach.