Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Plankton Communities in the Lower Haora River, Tripura, India

Planktons are significant bioindicator of ecosystem functioning, knowledge of the seasonal fluctuation in the plankton population in riverine waters of Indian subcontinent is rather limited. In the present study, analysis regarding spatio-temporal variations based on different multivariate statistics and indicator value analysis is done along with analysis of community structure of plankton assemblages. A total of 46 plankton taxa out of which 38 phytoplankton and 8 zooplankton taxa have been identified based on examination of samples taken from four locations over three sampling seasons. The primary phytoplankton families that involve Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Composopogonophyceae. Chlorophyceae dominated the phytoplankton population, followed by Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. The plankton abundance was recorded highest in spring, followed by winter, and the least reported in monsoon season. The high average percent contribution of Aulacoseira, Oscillatoria, and Spirogyra species is well represented through SIMPER analysis. In addition, the Shannon–Wiener index (H) was calculated to determine plankton diversity, and Pielous' Evenness index (E) was calculated to determine individual distribution within a community whereas Margalef’s Richness index showed species richness of the study area. This qualitative and quantitative study will aid future research on the occurrence of plankton as well as the more trustworthy information generation on fish diet and feeding behaviors. The condition of planktons as bioindicators would indirectly provide an estimation of the ecosystem's natural state or amount of pollution.