A Two-Layer Control Strategy for the Participation of Energy Storage Battery Systems in Grid Frequency Regulation

A two-layer control strategy for the participation of multiple battery energy storage systems in the secondary frequency regulation of the grid is proposed to address the frequency fluctuation problem caused by the power dynamic imbalance between the power system and load when a large number of new energy sources are connected to the grid. A comprehensive allocation model based on area regulation requirement (ARR) signals and area control error (ACE) signals is proposed to obtain the total output of the secondary frequency modulation (FM) demand with a higher degree of adaptation when the FM units respond to the automatic generation control command, and the total output is reasonably allocated to each FM unit by using the two-layer control. Considering the dynamic fluctuation of the grid frequency, the fluctuation is dynamically suppressed in real-time by applying model predictive control to successfully forecast the frequency deviation while realizing the deviation-free correction in the frequency dynamic correction layer. The optimal power distribution of FM units based on the distributed control concept, as well as the power depth of each unit, are coordinated in the equalization control layer while keeping a decent battery charge level. Finally, in Matlab/Simulink, the proposed control approach is simulated and validated. The findings show that the suggested control approach can suppress frequency difference fluctuation, keep the battery charged, and reduce the unit’s FM loss.