Last-Mile Carbon Emission under E-Commerce: Environmental Perspective

E-commerce is now a major, thriving industry that contributes significantly to global economic growth. The market is significantly impacted by the e-commerce sector’s rapid expansion. The success is entirely attributable to consumer responses and buying habits. Given that it has more than 1.4 billion inhabitants and generates enormous earnings for e-commerce, India is seen as a prospective market. The recent growth of the e-commerce market and online shopping in India, there is a need for more environmentally sustainable and reliable last-mile logistics designs. Besides the success of e-commerce and its benefits for the environment, the study focuses on the status of e-commerce in India, carbon emissions, the impact of electric vehicles instead of fossil fuels and government decisions, and the use of technological advances, which are all subject to discussion. The international treaty on climate change was approved by 196 parties at the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris, France on December 12, 2015, and became effective on November 4, 2016, and India is a party to the agreement. So, limiting carbon emissions, innovations in environmental e-commerce are important and the importance of last-mile delivery is changing the behaviour of e-commerce businesses. This study aims to the existing literature on environmental impact from the point of view carbon emission by e-commerce, and focus on how e-commerce in India is environmentally sustainable in relation to carbon emissions, technological advancements especially last-mile delivery and government initiatives.