Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differential Diagnosis of Splenic Focal Lesions

Background: In computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enhancement patterns observed following the injection of a contrast agent are typically used to non-invasively distinguish between malignant and benign localised splenic lesions (MRI). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is useful for staging and subsequent imaging of malignant tumours because it gives function information and may be utilised to identify and characterise pathologic processes, including malignant tumours.

Aim of the Work: This study's main objective was to assess the extra value of diffusion-weighted MRI in the detection and classification of splenic localised lesions.

Patient and Methods: Thirty patients with splenic focal lesions, of both gender, participated in this prospective investigation. All patients had complete information about the patient, examination findings, including an abdominal and general examination, an ultrasound, an abdominal MRI, and a DWI investigation.

Results: Considering the mean ADC value of the examined group, we discovered that the benign lesions group's mean ADC value was (1.46) x 10-3 sec/mm2, whereas the malignant lesions group's mean ADC value was (0.73) x 10-3 sec/mm2. In the individuals under study, we discovered a strong correlation between clinicopathological results and DW-MRI data. (p<0.001). With a sensitivity of 83.33% and specificity of 94.44%, the kind of lesion was a statistically significant predictor of ADC values.

Conclusions: When used with conventional MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging enhances the ability to distinguish between splenic localised lesions. To verify our findings and resolve any discrepancies with the literature, more research is required.