Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection in Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria

Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional, community-based, descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Umunze, headquarters of Orumba south L.G.A of Anambra State, Nigeria. The laboratory investigations and analysis were done in the Parasitology and Entomology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, between May, 2023 to August 2023.

Methodology: A total of three hundred and ninety-seven (397) individuals of all age groups from Umunze community were randomly sampled for the study. Stool samples were collected and analyzed using kato katz technique and examined under the microscope for STH eggs. Data obtained were analysed using Chi-square test of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.

Results: A total of 112 (28.2%) individuals were positive for at least one STH parasite. Hookworm was the most prevalent (42.9%); followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (36.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (10.7%). There was no significant difference among the species of STH parasite (P=0.80). Individuals of the age group 36-40years had the highest prevalence (42.3%) with no significant difference (P=0.191). while Farmers had the highest prevalence (48.8%) among the other occupational groups with a significant difference (P=0.000).

Summary of Findings: a. Soil-transmitted helminths observed in Umunze, Orumba South LGA, Anambra State are Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura. b. Hookworm was the highest oocuring helminth observed.

c. The prevalence observed in this study classifies the community as a moderate risk area for preventive therapy by who standards.

d. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is still a public health concern in Umunze community irrespectiive of the moderate prevalence observed.

Conclusion: Improvement in sanitation, preventive chemotherapy for all age groups, health education and provision of toilet facilites are needed for effective control and possible elimination of STH in Umunze.