Estimation of Fluoride and Sirtuin1 in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy in Kolar District of Karnataka, India

Introduction: Prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy is growing rapidly in Asian countries, affecting low- and middle-income groups. One of the epidemiological issues of Kolar district is fluorosis; advanced glycation end product, carboxymethyl lysine (CML), and a molecule of interest Sirtuin1 are included in the present study. Correlation of fluoride and CML with sirtuin1 of cases the important rationale of the study was estimated to assess the extent of kidney damage.

Materials and Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study with three groups.

Results: Sirtuin1 is significantly decreased in group 2 compared to group 3. Urine F excretion is decreased in groups 2 and 3 which is a predictor of decline in renal function. There was a drastic decline in levels of all the parameters in group 2 except the CML which is significantly increased in comparison with controls. Significant increase in CML of Group 3 was observed when compared to group 1. Level of significance between groups for all the parameters was fair and excellent justifying the hypothesis and purpose of the study.

Conclusion: The alterations in serum sirtuin1 levels indicate the severity of damage due to stress during hyperglycemia and fluoride toxicity. Therefore, sirtuin1 can be considered as biomarker of aging. The correlation of CML, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fluoride with sirtuin1 indicates that increasing sirtuin1 may defend the forthcoming damage and could be considered in therapeutics.