Promotion of Rapeseed to the Southern Regions of Kazakhstan by Creating Varieties of Winter Type

The purpose of the research is to expand the crops of winter rapeseed in the southern and south-eastern regions of Kazakhstan by creating a new variety. Conventional rapeseed crop management is very expensive, labor-intensive, and inefficient owing to its low level of mechanization. With the enhancement of research and extension of mechanization, the rapeseed industry has begun a transition from manual to mechanized farming. The study was carried out at the stationary “Kazakh Scientific-Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing” LLP in Almalybak, Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2009 to 2020.

The study examines the data on 86 rapeseed samples of various ecological and geographical origins, which were subjected to a long-term selection study with the criterion of winter hardiness to create a new in Kazakhstan variety of winter rapeseed. For selection, plant indicators are used in terms of the number of leaves (at least 7), the diameter of the root collar (more than 6 mm), the height of the growth point (up to 3 cm), the weight of 1 plant should be more than 35 g, the correlation/regression method is used to determine the relationship between structural features and productivity. The concept of winter hardiness includes the ability of plants to withstand a complex of adverse effects of the external environment during the autumn/winter and early spring periods (the effect of negative temperatures, winter thaws, and spring thawing with a sharp transition to frost, soaking, and damping, etc.). The first Kazakh winter rapeseed variety Pervenets Semirechya was created with the following indicators: winter hardiness 79 to 91.3%, green mass yield 40.7 to 51.4 t/ha, oilseed yield 2.76 to 3.83 t/ha, oil content 46.3%, and protein content 26%.

Winter rapeseed can be introduced to the crop rotation system on an area of 50–

70,000 hectares thanks to bioclimatic potential. It is mentioned that winter rapeseed has advantages over spring rapeseed.